The effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on PPARγ expression in glutamate⁃induced neuron damage

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on PPARγ expression in glutamate⁃induced neuron damage. Methods Primary cultured cortical neurons of 7 d embryonic Sprague Dawley rat was prepared. Morphological observation and MTT method were used to detect cell damage; western blotting was chosen to examine PPARγ and p⁃PPARγ expression (inactivated form of PPARγ) in total protein, in order to explore the protective effect of HSYA on glutamate ⁃ induced neuron damage. Results After treated with glutamate neurons were swelling, disintegrated or dead in morphological observation. Compared with the control group, cell survival rate in the groups treated with different dosage of glutamate (1.00, 5.00 and 10.00 mmol/L) was all decreased (66.60%, 33.40% and 21.60%; P = 0.004, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively). In comparison with the control group, the expression of PPARγ in total protein decreased, the gray value in control group was 1.06 ± 0.18, while in glutamate 5.00 mmol/L and 10.00 mmol/L groups was 0.32 ± 0.09 and 0.28 ± 0.07, respectively (P = 0.000, for all). The expression of p⁃PPARγ increased, the gray value was 0.37 ± 0.05 in control group, and 1.83 ± 0.17 and 1.75 ± 0.21 in glutamate 5.00 mmol/L and 10.00 mmol/L group (P = 0.000, for all). HSYA improved the morphology and cell survival rate of glutamate⁃induced neuron damage. The cell survival rate in glutamate 5.00 mmol/L group and that treated with HSYA 0.01 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L and 1.00 mmol/L was 33.40% , 35.30% , 51.00% and 72.50% , respectively (P = 0.742, 0.033, and 0.002, respectively); HSYA slightly increased PPARγ expression but without statistical significance, the gray value was 1.20 ± 0.16 in control group, and was 0.25 ± 0.06, 0.39 ± 0.10, 0.41 ± 0.12 and 0.37 ± 0.08 in glutamate 5.00 mmol/L group, and glutamate 5.00 mmol/L group treated with HSYA 0.01 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L or 1.00 mmol/L (P = 0.094, 0.145 and 0.576, respectively); HSYA obviously reduced p⁃PPARγ expression, the gray value in control group was 0.51 ± 0.14, in glutamate 5.00 mmol/L group and was 1.91 ± 0.25, 1.70 ± 0.26, 1.25 ± 0.23 and 0.85 ± 0.19 in glutamate 5.00 mmol/L group treated with HSYA 0.01 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L or 1.00 mmol/L (P = 0.022, 0.004 and 0.000, respectively). Conclusion HSYA can protect the glutamate ⁃induced neuron damage, and the mechanism involves the inhibition of phosphorylation of PPARγ.

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.03.017