Study on etiology and treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children

Abstract

The clinical data of 182 children with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) were analyzed. There were 21 cases with refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and 161 cases with non-refractory status epilepticus (non-RSE). Etiological factors mainly included epilepsy in 54 cases, intracranial infection in 49 cases, and complex febrile seizure in 44 cases. In the ictal stage, 102 cases were treated with clonazepam by intravenous injection, 54 cases with diazepam by intravenous injection, 46 cases with midazolam by intravenous injection, 36 cases with phenobarbital by muscular injection, and 32 cases with 6.5% chloral hydrate by nosal feeding or clyster. The etiology of CSE in children is various. Epilepsy, intracranial infection and complex febrile seizure are the main causes. Poor prognosis and high mortality often occur in RSE caused by severe viral encephalitis. So the fundamental principle of treatment is to control CSE quickly and avoid the damage of brain and other important organs.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.11.009